September 10, 2025

Bill Summary: H.R. 1 (SNAP Provisions)

 Without a Plan of Action from Florida Lawmakers, Sunshine State Children, Seniors, and Others Could Lose All SNAP Benefits

Overview

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is Florida’s most important tool to fight hunger, helping 3 million residents[1] afford groceries every month. SNAP is a discretionary program overseen by the U.S. Department of Agriculture on the federal level for states that choose to administer it. However, Congress cut $186 billion[2] in federal funding from SNAP in H.R. 1, the budget reconciliation bill enacted on July 4, 2025.[3] Unless leaders start planning now on how to replace the state’s share of the federal SNAP dollars lost under H.R. 1, lawmakers may decide to simply eliminate Florida’s SNAP program.

 Why Does SNAP matter to Florida?

  1. Food security and better health[4] for 3 million Floridians, including:[5]
    • 1,097,000 children
    • 707,000 seniors
    • 296,000 people with disabilities (not counting seniors)
    • 99,000 veterans[6]
  2. Stronger local economies:
    • Every $1 in SNAP generates up to $1.80 in local economic activity.[7]
    • In 2023, participants spent $7.2 billion at more than 15,000 local stores[8] in Florida, many of them small businesses [9]that rely on SNAP to help stay afloat.

Why would H.R 1 cause Florida to end its SNAP program?

H.R.1 will shift as much as $1.2 billion each year in SNAP costs from the federal government to Florida by making the state pay a greater share of administrative costs of running the program and — for the first time ever — a percentage of grocery benefits provided to families in need:

  1. Grocery benefits:
    • Starting in 2028, H.R.1 requires states with high error rates to pay for 5–15 percent of SNAP grocery benefits.[10]
    • Florida’s error rate was 15.13 percent in 2024.[11] Errors are mistakes by agencies or participants—not fraud.
    • Unless the state’s error rate significantly improves, Florida could owe about $1 billion for grocery benefits in 2028 alone.[12] A short reprieve until 2029 or 2030 may be possible; however, the delay would only be temporary.

  2. Administrative costs
    • Until H.R.1, Florida and the federal government split SNAP’s administrative costs 50/50.
    • H.R. 1 shifts most of that burden to states, requiring Florida to now pay 75 percent.
    • Florida will owe about $205 million for administrative costs every year starting in 2027 — on top of the $1 billion in grocery benefit costs it could face the very next year.[13]

Unless Congress reverses the cuts made by H.R. 1, Florida will have to raise billions in new state revenue to replace lost federal SNAP dollars. Without a plan from Florida lawmakers, the state will face last-minute impossible choices with devastating consequences for Floridians, such as cutting SNAP eligibility, slashing funding for other critical programs, or walking away from the SNAP program altogether.[14]

For more info:

Contact Cindy Huddleston, senior policy analyst at Florida Policy Institute, huddleston@floridapolicy.org

 

 

Notes

[1] Food and Nutrition Service, “Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Number of Persons Participating,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, August 8, 2025,  https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/snap-persons-8.pdf.

[2] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “By the Numbers: Senate Republican Leadership’s Reconciliation Bill Takes Food Assistance Away from Millions of People,” updated June 30, 2025, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/by-the-numbers-senate-republican-leaderships-reconciliation-bill-takes.

[3] H.R. 1, 2025, P.L. 119-21, https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1.

[4] Food Research & Action Center, “The Positive Effect of SNAP Benefits on Participants and Communities,” https://frac.org/programs/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap/positive-effect-snap-benefits-participants-communities; Cindy Huddleston and Norin Dollard, “SNAP Matters,” May 2022, Florida Policy Institute, https://www.floridapolicy.org/posts/snap-matters.  

[5] Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households: Fiscal Year 2023,” Tables B. 14-15, April 2025, https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/snap-FY23-Characteristics-Report.pdf.

[6] Luis Nuñez, “SNAP Helps 1.2 Million Veterans With Low Incomes, Including Thousands in Every State,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, April 2, 2025, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/snap-helps-12-million-veterans-with-low-incomes-including-thousands-in.

[7] Food Research & Action Center,” Protect  SNAP to Reduce Hunger and Strengthen Local Economies in FLORIDA,” May 2025, SNAP_FactSheets_022525_FL10.pdf.

[8] Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “SNAP Retailer Management Year End Summary FY 2023: SNAP Redemptions and Authorized Firms by Region and State: Florida,” July 10, 2025, https://www.fns.usda.gov/data-research/data-visualization/snap-retailer-management-dashboard-fy23.

[9] Ed Bolen and Elizabeth Wolkomir, “SNAP Boosts Retailers and Local Economies,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, May 28, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/research/snap-boosts-retailers-and-local-economies.

[10] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “By the Numbers: Harmful Republican Megabill Takes Food Assistance Away from Millions of People,” updated August 14, 2025, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/by-the-numbers-harmful-republican-megabill-takes-food-assistance-away-from.

[11] Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM: PAYMENT ERROR RATES :FISCAL YEAR 2024,” June 30, 2025, https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/snap-fy24QC-PER.pdf.

[12] Katie Bergh and Dottie Rosenbaum, “House Agriculture Committee Proposal Would Worsen Hunger, Hit State Budgets Hard,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, May 13, 2025, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/house-agriculture-committee-proposal-would-worsen-hunger-hit-state-budgets.

[13] Food Research & Action Center, “SNAP State Budget Cost Shift: Fiscal Year 2023,” https://frac.org/wp-content/uploads/SNAP-State-Budget-Cost-Shift.pdf.

[14] By the Numbers: Harmful Republican Megabill Takes Food Assistance Away from Millions of People.

 

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