March 6, 2026

Thousands of Vulnerable Immigrant Seniors and Children Living Lawfully in the U.S. Are Going Hungry Under H.R. 1

H.R. 1, the federal budget reconciliation bill passed by Congress in July 2025, cuts the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP or food assistance) by $187 billion. One of the cuts made to SNAP by H.R. 1 is to significantly limit the categories of legal immigrants who can qualify for benefits to people who are: lawful permanent residents (LPR and green card holders), Cuban and Haitian Entrants, or Compacts of Free Association Citizens. As Florida grapples with the implementation of these changes, it is clear that this new law jeopardizes the food security and health of some of the most vulnerable people in Florida, including immigrants who are either seniors or children, as well as the economic health of the communities in which they live.

Under H.R. 1’s new restrictions, the Department of Children and Families (DCF) estimates that roughly 9,753 legal immigrants of all ages have lost their food assistance, not counting the people who would have applied for SNAP in the future. As it stands right now, children and seniors make up as many as 3,608 or more of the people in Florida who were kicked off of SNAP under this particular change in law.1

This is bad news not only for the immigrants who can no longer participate in SNAP, but also for the communities in which they live.  

For seniors, who often rely on SNAP to buy groceries that they cannot otherwise afford on a fixed income, access to SNAP has significant health benefits. For example, studies demonstrate that participating in SNAP not only protects seniors against Alzheimer’s and dementia, but it also delays or prevents diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. For children, SNAP helps them do better in school, live a longer and healthier life, and have higher-paying jobs as an adult. In fact, it is estimated that every dollar of SNAP going to feed a child has a $62 return over the course of their lifetime. By cutting these groups off SNAP, H.R. 1 leaves some of the most vulnerable Floridians hungry, less healthy, worse off at school, and facing a future on an uneven playing ground in comparison to other Floridians.

The harmful effects of H.R.1 aren’t only constrained to immigrants. Children who are U.S. citizens will also be affected by the new restrictions that H.R. 1 places on immigrants.  In Florida, an estimated 184,000 citizen children live with a noncitizen. The families of many of those children will get reduced SNAP benefits when a household member loses SNAP eligibility under H.R. 1 and, as a result, struggle even more to ensure that children in their family get enough to eat.

In addition, children who become ineligible for SNAP under H.R. 1 suffer from other consequences that are detrimental to their wellbeing. Because they no longer receive SNAP benefits, these children also lose automatic eligibility for other important programs that help ward off food insecurity and foster short- and long-term health in children, such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

A reduction in SNAP benefits has a wide range of economic effects. Neighborhood businesses and state and local economies are adversely impacted when SNAP participants in the community lose benefits. In 2024, Floridians spent their SNAP for groceries at more than 15,000 local stores , many of them being small businesses that rely on SNAP to help stay afloat. The federal Congressional Budget Office projects that immigrants losing SNAP under H.R.1 would have received an average of $210 in SNAP benefits every month, which could have infused at least $757,580 monthly into state and local economies — just from the estimated loss of benefits that would have gone to immigrant seniors and children alone. However, the program also generates $1.54 in economic activity for every $1 of benefits spent during recessions. This means that neighborhood grocers, where households with ineligible children or senior immigrants would have shopped, will miss out on a total of $1,166,673 monthly in future economic downturns.

Overall, SNAP helps reduce poverty in every corner of the state. SNAP is particularly beneficial for rural communities which have higher rates of poverty than urban areas. Those regions are especially harmed when participants lose SNAP benefits that would have otherwise been spent locally, as is happening to immigrant seniors and children under H.R.1.

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Notes

1 No estimate of the impact of H.R. 1’s SNAP immigrant restrictions by  age is publicly available at the state level. FPI bases its estimate on the percentage of immigrant children  (16.8 percent) and seniors (20.2 percent) who were participating in SNAP prior to the enactment of H.R. 1 compared to the total number of immigrants that DCF says will lose assistance under H.R. 1’s new restrictions (9,753).

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