Florida by the Numbers: Minimum and Living Wage Dashboard

This post was originally published on September 26, 2023. Florida Policy Institute will update the dashboard each year through 2026 to coincide with the gradual minimum wage increase.

On September 30, 2025, Florida’s minimum wage increases to $14 for non-tipped employees. This represents year five of the six-year climb to $15 an hour that voters authorized with Amendment 2’s passage in 2020. While Amendment 2 was a historic and promising step forward, this wage does not go far enough in today’s economic climate. 

Florida Policy Institute (FPI) created the dashboard below to put $14 per hour in perspective and demonstrate the difference between a minimum wage and a living wage. Figures 1 and 2 focus on the shares of working Floridians who were paid less than the new $14 minimum wage prior to its effective date and less than the $15 minimum wage the state is moving toward in 2026. Figures 3 and 4 show the gaps between the minimum wage and living wage by county and household type, including how much minimum-wage workers pay for major expenses (i.e., child care, housing, food). These are three of the most relevant expenses to current economic discussions, as both have become increasingly unaffordable. (See "Methodology” for more on the data sources and inclusion criteria.)

Collectively, these visualizations underscore that far too many Floridians struggle to make ends meet at a $14 wage — even those in households with more than one person working full time. According to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Living Wage Calculator: “The living wage is the basic income standard that, if met, draws a very fine line between...financial independence and the need to seek out public assistance or suffer consistent and severe housing and food insecurity. Considering this fact, the living wage is perhaps better defined as a minimum subsistence wage...” That is, the living wage does not account for unexpected emergencies, savings, and other typical costs that working Floridians face.

Methodology 

Figures 1 and 2 

There is no clear way to know how many working Floridians are actually paid less than Florida’s minimum wage(s). Thus, estimates were used based on reliable sample microdata analyzed by Economic Policy Institute (EPI). Estimates on Florida's $14 and $15 per hour workforce are from EPI’s analysis of 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS) U.S. Census data, with wages imputed from 2024 Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group data. CPS, a monthly survey from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is the main source of labor force data in the United States. For more details about EPI’s imputation process, see https://www.epi.org/publication/minimum-wage-simulation-model-technicalmethodology/. Total employment in ACS data was scaled to match 2024 CPS employment data.  

Figure 2 does not include all counties, as only those with sufficient sample sizes were included in EPI’s analysis. However, the counties included represent 90 percent of Florida’s minimum-wage workforce, so they provide valuable insight into the geographic variability of low-wage workers in the state.  

Figures 3 and 4 

Living wage and expense data for each of Florida’s 67 counties is from EPI’s Family Budget Calculator. FPI analyzed this data for four of the household compositions that EPI’s data includes to demonstrate the gaps between the $14 minimum wage and a living wage, plus the share of full-time minimum wage worker(s) pay that goes to child care, food, and housing. Only four of the household types were used instead of all 10 EPI includes for ease of data visualization and because if there is a gap between the minimum and living wage sfor a household with one child, that gap will be present (albeit, greater) when they have  additional children. For the two-income household categories, FPI focused on those where both adults worked full-time instead of just one adult doing so. For more on EPI’s Family Budget Calculator, see https://www.epi.org/publication/family-budget-calculator-documentation/.  

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